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Reichel, Jean No. Remy) Renard, Pascal . George. Ricou, Pierre No. Rowland- Ulmann, Carol. Roxi, CORI (Roxi Cori) . So. Sousa, Maria Graca Lagrifa Mendes Net. Sousa, Maria Leonor Melo De. Sousa, Maria Margarida Marcal Silva BSousa, Rocha De. Sousa, Teresa Catarina B P Frazao Pon. Soussi, Johann . Elyse. Stadler, Albert. Stanbridge, Harry. Stanbridge, Linda. Stanek, Martina . Irma. Steshin, Aleksandr Anatolevich. Steudler, Jacqueline. Stevens, Fr. Barry. Straschnov, Loredana . Bene. Wilson- Hammond, Charlotte. Hoodoo - Conjure - Rootwork: - AFRICAN AMERICAN FOLK MAGICby catherine yronwode. This lengthy article has been subdivided into several sections. HOODOO, CONJURE, ROOTWORK: Definition of Terms: How I Define Hoodoo. WHAT HOODOO IS: An African- American Folk- Magic Tradition. WHAT HOODOO IS NOT: Voodoo, Santeria, Palo, Brujeria, etc. ADMIXTURES: European, Spiritist, and Kabbalist Influences on Hoodoo. ADMIXTURES: Asian, Hindu, Buddhist, and Taoist Influences on Hoodoo. Hoodoos Of Alberta CanadaAbout Hooda Math HoodaMath.com, a free online math games site. Founded by a middle school math teacher, Hooda Math offers over 700 Math Games. Brewer/Owner Bobby Wilken's goal is to provide local, fresh craft beer using the best possible. RESPECT: What It Is. HOODOO, CONJURE, AND ROOTWORK: DEFINITION OF TERMS. Hoodoo, Conjure, Rootwork, and similar terms refer to the practice of. African American folk magic. One of its meanings refers to African- American folk magic. Although most of its adherents are black. America. Other regionally popular names. For instance. in Dorothy Scarborough's book . A typical early reference. ![]() A hoodoo (also called a tent rock, fairy chimney or earth pyramid) is a tall, thin spire of rock that protrudes from the bottom of an arid drainage basin. Whether you prefer the deep and challenging powder of Hoodoo’s backside or the finely groomed runs of the front side, the majesty of Hoodoo’s location and fun of. Samuel C. Taylor's diary for 1. Taylor, a white man, recounts that the word . It has for the most part. African, and some have claimed that it derives from. Hausa language for bad luck. However, its earliest. ![]() Skiing Hoodoo Ski Area? Get Hoodoo Ski Area info, including terrain, lifts, stats, average snowfall, opening & closing dates, & snowfall history. General Description: Hoodoos are tall skinny spires of rock that protrude from the bottom of arid basins and "broken" lands. Hoodoos are most commonly found in the. Hoodoo Recreation manages more than 150 campgrounds in Oregon and Washington. Visit here to learn more about campgrounds near you. America is connected with Irish and Scottish sailors, not. African slaves. In. From there it became a more general. T. In early 2. 0th century agricultural supplies, . In this context, the word. Judio (pronounced hoo- dyoh) does not refer to Judaism per. Palo are unconverted to Christianity - - they retain. African symbolism in their practice and, like the Jews, they. Christianity. It is. Eoghan's theory that the word hoodoo may derive from the. Afro- Caribbean Spanish term. Judio is used in Palo - - and would thus refer to African. African customs and practices. In the first place. Voodoo is a West African religion that was transplanted to Haiti (see below). Central African magical belief and practice. It is worth noting that in. Hyatt. recorded, rootwork practitioners, even. New Orleans, spoke only of hoodoo, never of Voodoo. In fact. the only conspicuous use of the word Voodoo occurs in a typed letter sent to. This root worker was fully. When. Morton began describing to Lomax why a multiple murderer in. New Orleans was never prosecuted, he interrupted the flow of. Lomax. I don't mean with. Money wasn't really in it. As. I understand, she was a hoodoo woman. Examples of this error are too. For example: the book. While the work described is more African than. European in character, the terminology follows the old British. However, whereas in. English . It derives from. English . These stores, which were. Since the early 1. Generally speaking, when . The only exception to. In this. case the intention is helpful to the woman who fixes her pussy. The reader may divine your future by means of playing. The beliefs and. customs brought to America by African slaves mingled here with. Native Americans and with. Christian, Jewish, and pagan folklore of European. The result was hoodoo. Teachings and rituals are handed down from a one practitioner to another. Whereas in the typical White Protestant Christian social. African- American conjures may be. During the late 1. Among such well known root workers were Doctor. Buzzard of Beaufort, South Carolina; Doctor Jim Jordan of. Murfreesboro, North Carolina; Aunt Caroline Dye of. Newport, Arkansas (shown here); and the Seven. Sisters of New Orleans, the latter two both. As a trickster. and opener of the way, he is vaguely similar to the Teutonic pagan devil, and like. Christians and Jews with. Biblical Satan, but he is not that entity, and many wise. In practice, the conjurer. Goofer Dust, an herb- and mineral formula. Hot Foot Powder, or a. Walking over. the buried bottle spell. The. Hot Foot Powder. It may. be laid across a path leading to a home or sprinkled in a place of business. Typical. marks include wavy lines, crosses, and X's (the latter two usually drawn within. They are sometimes spit into or upon to activate them. Silver. turns black on exposure to sulphur. In any culture that has. Meanwhile, the moon looks silvery and is. Silver turns black on exposure to. This is chemistry. The. fact that coins are often made of silver explains why silver coins are used in. African- American crossroads. European folk- magic involving crossroads. Africa, and reflects African religious beliefs. American plant. species like the John the. Conqueror Root(Ipomoea jalapa) shown here have. Native herb doctors. Many of the most famous rootwork. Furthermore, since at least the early 2. European- derived books of magic and Kabbalism such as. The American version, rarely. Africa. Another type of divination, in which a specially prepared. Jack- ball. serves as a pendulum, is mainly consulted to determine whether one will. Practitioners consult . In former times, the most popular numbers game in the. African American community was an illegal lottery called Policy, and some of. Also still popular are the many dream books by. Uriah Konje and Professor de Herbert. Herbert Gladstone Parris). Almost as many are still. This item. also known as a conjure hand, toby, trick bag, jomo, or nation sack, frequently takes the. Variant forms of hand include the luck ball. Jack ball mentioned above, a. Unlike European- derived magic, however, the. Mediaeval or New Age. These metaphysical problems are called . Among these are such. Above all, it is a. RELIGION. This is why many 1. In most of. these religions, as practiced in the Americas, African deities. Spanish, French, or Portuguese Catholicism, and. Yoruban, Fon, and Congolese spirits (Orishas, Loas, and. Nkisi) are nominally replaced by proxy Catholic saints, sometimes. Seven. African Powers. Voodoo in New Orleans had lost any claim. There were no regular places of Voodoo worship. Spiritualism, a religion. There were - - and are - - black Spiritualist churches in Northern cities such as Chicago, New York. Kansas City, and Detroit as well as in western cities like Oakland and Los Angeles. Since the mid 2. 0th century it has. New Orleans. Each of these promoters and their followers. Haitian Voodoo, which they use as source- books for their performances. These source- books. Zora Neale Hurston (1. Maya Deren (1. 95. Alfred Metraux (1. Milo Rigaud (1. 96. Wade Davis (1. 98. At best the. fabrications of these promoters can be said to be historical fantasy recreations in the style of the. Renaissance Faire venues in the USA, and at worst they have been a means to. Other, less well- known, promoters. Raymond J. Martinez (1. Ava Kay Jones (1. Sharon Caulder. (1. Miriam Chemani (1. John Shrieve (1. 99. Born in Mississippi and trained a a rootworker, she. Spiritual Church Movement and married a man from Belize who brought to her. Afro- Caribbean practices. Her Voodoo Spiritual Temple takes the form of. Spiritual Church, and she offers a wide variety of. Black American and Afro- Caribbean styles. These faux- religionists. Voodoo- themed goods in their. Voodoo- themed festivals and workshops, and put on Voodoo- themed. The latter events were especially popular. Charles Gandolfo and Ava Kay Jones. Its wider. range of participants are tourists and spiritual seekers; there is a. New Orleans or Southern Lousisiana in general. None of its leaders or followers can demonstrate that. More to the point. Haitian trappings. Black Americans can be found, from Clarksdale, Mississippi, to. Detoit, Michigan, and from Atlanta, Georgia, to Compton, California. Others have gone out of their way to. African artifacts to display in their museums, or to purchase Brazilian. Quimbanda statuary to resell as spurious Voodoo goods. At least one. made a point of importing Haitian art for sale - - some of which, it turned ut. Hollywood California. And, of course, when they wish to promote . It experienced rapid growth during the. Cultural Nationalist movement. American- born blacks to investigate their African heritage. Cuba simultaneously brought an influx. Santeros to the United States. Santeria and Lucumi (also spelled Lukumi, and sometimes. Ifa and Ocha) are now. U. S.- born people. The orishas of santeria. Catholic saints. depending on whom you ask (and it is not my intention here to. The. Spanish name for this religion, which includes some Catholic imagery. Palo, which means . None of these. groups can be traced back farther than the 1. New York City) and most. Florida and California). However, as with the image of the. Seven African Powers. Santeria, one specific image from these religions - -. Santa Marta Dominadora / Lubana, an entity from the 2. Divisiones religion. Dominican Republic (conflated by name, but not by appearance. French Catholic Saint Martha the Dominator / Santa Marta of. Tarascon) - - entered into hoodoo during the late 1. Lubana is an image. Christianity or. to participate in a religion about which he or she has little knowledge. This one. claimed that . And of course, once a book existed. Contact between African Americans in the deep South and. Scots- Irish Appalachians in the Mountain South were very limited. It is, like hoodoo, actually a . Such an influence can be found in one limited region, rural. Louisiana, where the traiteur tradition lingers - - but not French people. Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee. Mississippi, Alabama, or Texas to have made any impression at all upon. The major denominations represented are Baptist. Methodist, and African Methodist Episcopalian. If, in addition to their regular Sunday. African- European- American conflation. Likewise, certain. Africa or have been fairly uniformly adapted into European- American cuisine. American as the. African folkways that are noted by anthropologists. One thing i look out for when trying to. African retentions over the. USA is their distribution. African captives themselves were distributed widely. Americas, both North and South, in the. Northeastern urbanized region as well as in the better- documented rural. African, and it is EVERYWHERE. New Orleans is just a. What is less well. European folk- magic. Mediaeval conjuration, Jewish Kabbalism, Allan Kardecian. Spiritism, and even a smattering of Hindu mysticism. This is. because hoodoo incorporations of European grimoire material. Employment of botanical, mineral, and zoological curios. Most are either brown, black, or pink; they may appear on any part of the skin, vary in size and thickness, and occur either in groups or alone. See also mole. A nevus is usually not troublesome unless it is unsightly or disfiguring or becomes inflamed. If it changes noticeably, malignancy may be suspected, especially if any of the following are present: a highly irregular border, an uneven (pebbly) surface, or a mixture of colors (especially black, gray, or blue). Any change in size, color, or texture, or any bleeding or excessive itching, should be reported to a health care provider. Nevi can be removed by surgery or by other methods such as the application of solid carbon dioxide, injections, or radiotherapy. This condition is occasionally associated with other lesions such as ichthyosis, vascular nevi, and cataracts. Histologically, there is inconstant focal or diffuse thickening and abnormal staining of collagen. It consists of a reddish purple lesion that is flat or barely elevated and does not fade with age. ![]() ATYPICAL MOLES are unusual-looking benign (noncancerous) moles, also known as dysplastic nevi (the plural of “nevus,” or mole). Define nevus: a congenital or acquired usually highly pigmented area on the skin that is either flat or raised : mole. VENUS features the latest in sexy styles for women's bathing suits, dresses, sweaters. Shop online, email signup for exclusive deals, or call: 1-888-782-2224. A dysplastic nevus is a type of mole that looks different from a common mole. NRAS gene mutations cause most cases of giant congenital melanocytic nevus. Rarely, mutations in the BRAF gene are responsible for this condition. This congenital nevus, located on the patient's back, was biopsied and found to be a category 1 superficial compound nevus. Compound nevi (a histologic diagnosis. A melanocytic nevus (also known as "nevocytic nevus" or "nevus-cell nevus") is a type of lesion that contains nevus cells (a type of melanocyte). Pigmented nevi (moles) are growths on the skin that usually are flesh-colored, brown or black. Moles can appear anywhere on the skin, alone or in groups. ![]() Nevus DefinitionIt is a benign condition but may be associated with other syndromes such as sturge- weber syndrome. The dark variety is called a port- wine stain and a light variety is called a salmon patch. These nevi are associated with other cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, as well as neurofibromatosis and other developmental anomalies, and they exhibit a predisposition to development of malignant melanoma. Ito a mongolian spot–like lesion having the same features as nevus of Ota except for localization to the areas of distribution of the posterior supraclavicular and lateral cutaneous brachial nerves, involving the shoulder, side of the neck, supraclavicular areas, and upper arm. These nevi are classified as compound, intradermal, or junction according to the histologic pattern and location of nevus cells. Called also mole. Ota (Ota's nevus) a persistent mongolian spot–like lesion, usually present at birth and unilateral, involving the conjunctiva and skin about the eye, as well as the sclera, ocular muscles, retrobulbar fat, periosteum, and buccal mucosa. It is a blue or gray- brown patchy area of pigmentation that grows slowly and becomes deeper in color. Although the lesion is benign, malignant melanoma occasionally develops, usually in the iris. It grows proportionally to the child. In later life, some lesions may give rise to a variety of new growths, including basal cell carcinoma. A congenital discoloration of a circumscribed area of the skin due to pigmentation. Synonym: birthmark; mole. A circumscribed vascular tumor of the skin, usually congenital, due to hyperplasia of the blood vessels. See: angiomanevus anemicus. A patch of pale skin in which blood vessels are narrowed or contracted and blood flow is locally limited. It is composed of melanin- pigmented spindle cells in the mid- dermis. It is usually treated by ligature and excision. It is caused by failure of the pilosebaceous follicles to develop normally. They may be hyperkeratotic and widely distributed. It may be associated with spina bifida occulta. It is considered a serious deformity due to its large size and color. In children, these have been treated with the flashlamp- pulsed tunable dye laser. Nevus FlammeusIt is usually darkly pigmented. This type of nevus is usually benign but should be evaluated for malignancy. It is slightly raised, pigmented, and does not contain hair. This type of nevus may become malignant. See: illustrationnevus lipomatous. A tumor composed of fatty connective tissue. It is probably a degenerated nevus containing numerous blood vessels. Moles may appear at any age. They are classified according to their stage of growth and whether or not they are still growing. Ota nevus See: Ota nevuspigmented nevus. A congenital nevus varying in color from light yellow to black. Intradermal or nevocytic nevi are benign. Other types of nevi may become malignant. Synonym: nevus pigmentosus. Treatment. Malignant or suspicious lesions should be treated by wide surgical excision. Benign lesions do not require treatment except when located at sites of friction causing bleeding or ulceration. Some nevi are removed for cosmetic reasons. An epidermal nevus containing sebaceous gland tissue. It usually occurs between the neurotomes of the lumbar or sacral area. Nevi of this type are usually congenital. They are of variable size and shape, slightly elevated, and red or purple in color. They generally appear on the face, head, neck, and arms, though no region is exempt. The nevi usually disappear spontaneously, but wrinkling, pigmentation, and scarring are sometimes seen. Synonym: nevus spongiosus albus mucosae. ![]() ![]() CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The True Cross. Help support New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. Paul says, in 1 Corinthians 1: 1. And he hath taken the same out of the way, fastening it to the cross. Paul the Cross of Christ was not only a precious remembrance of Christ's sufferings and death, but also a symbol closely associated with His sacrifice and the mystery of the Passion. It was, moreover, natural that it should be venerated and become an object of a cult with the Christians who had been saved by it. Of such a cult in the Primitive Church we have definite and sufficiently numerous evidences. Tertullian meets the objection that Christiansadore the cross by answering with an argumentum ad hominem, not by a denial. Another apologist, Minucius Felix, replies to the same objection. Lastly we may recall the famous caricature of Alexamenos, for which see the article Ass. From all this it appears that the pagans, without further consideration of the matter, believed that the Christiansadored the cross; and that the apologists either answered indirectly, or contented themselves with saying that they do not adore the cross, without denying that a certain form of veneration was paid to it. It is also an accepted belief that in the decorations of the catacombs there have been found, if not the cross itself, at least more or less veiled allusions to the holysymbol. A detailed treatment of this and other historical evidence for the early prevalence of the cult will be found in ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE CROSS AND CRUCIFIX. This cult became more extensive than ever after the discovery of the Holy Places and of the True Cross. Since the time when Jerusalem had been laid waste and ruined in the wars of the Romans, especially since Hadrian had founded upon the ruins his colony of . Under Constantine, after peace had been vouchsafed to the Church, Macarius, Bishop of Jerusalem, caused excavations to be made (about A. D. 3. 27, it is believed) in order to ascertain the location of these holy sites. ![]() That of Calvary was identified, as well as that of the Holy Sepulchre; it was in the course of these excavations that the wood of the Cross was recovered. It was recognized as authentic, and for it was built a chapel or oratory, which is mentioned by Eusebius, also by St. Cyril of Jerusalem, and Silvia (Etheria). St. Cyril, in his discourses (or catecheses) delivered in these very places (iv, 1. An inscription of A. D. 3. 59, found at Tixter, in the neighbourhood of S. For a full discussion of the legend of St. Helena, see ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE CROSS AND CRUCIFIX; see also ST. Silvia's recital (Peregrinatio Etheriae), which is of indisputable authenticity, tells how the sacred wood was venerated in Jerusalem about A. In a sense, she is in the painting too. Originally, a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males. 1 Acts 12:4 in Greek and English; 2 Easter is not a pagan word. 2.1 Myth 1: the KJV translators used "Easter" to refer to a pagan festival. The church of the Holy Sepulchre is one of only four round churches in England. It is based on the church of the resurrection of which was consecrated in Jerusalem in. Bouvier's Law Dictionary 1856 Edition. A sect of lawyers, whose first chief was Atteius Capito, and the second. Barnet’s is one of Doncaster’s longest established hairdressing salons, opening up our doors on St. Sepulchre Gate 26 years ago. We are situated in the. It is better to be happy than to be rich; and happiness lies in the heart rather than in the purse. Not what a man has, but what a man is, will decide his bliss or. D. On Good Friday, at eight o'clock in the morning, the faithful and the monks assemble in the chapel of the Cross (built on a site hard by Calvary), and at this spot the ceremony of the adoration takes place. The bishop is seated on his chair; before him is a table covered with a cloth; the deacons are standing around him. The silver- gilt reliquary is brought and opened and the sacred wood of the Cross, with the Title, is placed on the table. The bishop stretches out his hand over the holy relic, and the deacons keep watch with him while the faithful and catechumens defile, one by one, before the table, bow, and kiss the Cross; they touch the Cross and the Title with forehead and eyes, but it is forbidden to touch them with the hands. This minute watchfulness was not unnecessary, for it has been told in fact how one day one of the faithful, making as though to kiss the Cross, was so unscrupulous as to bite off a piece of it, which he carried off as a relic. It is the duty of the deacons to prevent the repetition of such a crime. Cyril, who also tells of this ceremony, makes his account much more brief but adds the important detail, that relics of the True Cross have been distributed all over the world. He adds some information as to the silver reliquary which contained the True Cross. This law was revised by the Trullan Council, A. D. Julian the Apostate, on the other hand, according to St. Cyril of Alexandria (Contra Julian., vi, in Opp., VI), made it a crime for Christians to adore the wood of the Cross, to trace its form upon their foreheads, and to engrave it over the entrances of their homes. John Chrysostom more than once in his writings makes allusion to the adoration of the cross; one citation will suffice: . The cross shines brighter than the sun. Chrysostom may be found in the authorities to be named at the end of this article. At the same time, pilgrimages to the holy places became more frequent, and especially for the purpose of following the example set by St. Helena in venerating the True Cross. Saint Jerome, describing the pilgrimage of St. Paula to the Holy Places, tells us that . It is a remarkable fact that even the Iconoclasts, who fought with such zeal against images and representations in relief, made an exception in the case of the cross. Thus we find the image of the cross on the coins of the Iconoclastic emperors, Leo the Isaurian, Constantine Copronymus, Leo IV, Nicephorus, Michael II, and Theophilus (cf. Sometimes this cult involved abuses. Thus we are told of the Staurolaters, or those who adore the cross; the Chazingarii (from chazus, cross), a sect of Armenians who adore the cross. The Second Council of Nic. Iconoclasm, fixed, once for all, the Catholic doctrine and discipline on this point. It defined that the veneration of the faithful was due to the form . But the council points out that we must not render to these objects the cult of latria, . The honour paid to the image passes to the prototype; and he who adores the image, adores the person whom it represents. Thus the doctrine of our holy fathers obtains in all its force: the tradition of the Holy. Catholic. Church which from one end of the earth to the other has received the gospel. The council clearly distinguishes between the . Theodore the Studite, the great adversary of the Iconoclasts, also makes a very exact distinction between the adoratio relativa (proskynesis schetike) and adoration properly so called. Catholic doctrine on the veneration of the Cross. In passing to a detailed examination of the Catholic doctrine on this subject of the cult due to the Cross, it will be well to notice the theories of Brock, the Abb. For a demonstration of the purely Christian origin of the Christian devotion the reader is referred to ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE CROSS AND CRUCIFIX. See also the works of Harlay, Lafargue, and others cited at the end of this section. With reference, in particular, to the ansated cross of Egypt, Letronne, Raoul- Rochette, and Lajard discuss with much learning the symbolism of that simple hieroglyphic of life, in which the Christians of Egypt seem to have recognized an anticipatory revelation of the Christian. Cross, and which they employed in their monuments. According to the text of the Second Council of Nic. The observation of Petavius (XV, xiii, 1) should be noted here: that this cult must be considered as not belonging to the substance of religion, but as being one of the adiaphora, or things not absolutely necessary to salvation. Indeed, while it is of faith that this cult is useful, lawful, even pious and worthy of praise and of encouragement, and while we are not permitted to speak against it as something pernicious, still it is one of those devotional practices which the church can encourage, or restrain, or stop, according to circumstances. This explains how the veneration of images was forbidden to the Jews by that text of Exodus (2. Iconoclasts and Protestants: . Thou shalt not adore them, nor serve them: I am the Lord thy God. It also explains the fact that in the first ages of Christianity, when converts from paganism were so numerous, and the impression of idol- worship was so fresh, the Church found it advisable not to permit the development of this cult of images; but later, when that danger had disappeared, when Christiantraditions and Christianinstinct had gained strength, the cult developed more freely. Again, it should be noted that the cult of images and relics is not that of latria, which is the adoration due to God alone, but is, as the Second Council of Nic. Precisely this same doctrine is repeated in Sess. XXV of the Council of Trent: . It must be said, however, that this view was not always so clearly taught. Albertus Magnus and Alexander of Hales, St. Thomas, and a section of the Schoolmen who appear to have overlooked the Second Council of Nic. The object of the adoration is the same, primary in regard to the exemplar and secondary in regard to the image. To the image of Christ, then, we owe a worship of latria as well as to His Person. The image, in fact, is morally one with its prototype, and, thus considered, if a lesser degree of worship be rendered to the image, that worship must reach the exemplar lessened in degree. Against this theory an attack has recently been made in . Its adversaries have endeavoured to prove that the image of Christ should be venerated but with a lesser degree of honour than its exemplar. The cult paid to it, they say, is simply analogous to the cult of latria, but in its nature different and inferior. No image of Christ, then, should be honoured with the worship of latria, and, moreover, the term . Cyril of Jerusalem, her contemporary, testifies as explicitly that . In 1. 88. 9 two French arch. Another inscription, from Rasgunia (Cape Matifu), somewhat earlier in date than the preceding, mentions another relic of the Cross (. John Chrysostom tells us that fragments of the True Cross are kept in golden reliquaries, which men reverently wear upon their persons. The passage in the . Paulinus of Nola, some years later, sends to Sulpicius Severus a fragment of the True Cross with these words: . About 4. 55 Juvenal, Patriarch of Jerusalem, sends to Pope St. Leo a fragment of the precious wood (S. Definition of erased in the Definitions.net dictionary. What does erased mean? Information and translations of erased in the most comprehensive. The recording can be erased and the tape used again. Several important files were accidentally erased. You can erase the tape and use it again. She erased the wrong. Rent Erased (2012) and other Movies & TV Shows on Blu-ray & DVD. Erased movie reviews & Metacritic score: An ex-CIA agent and his estranged daughter go on the run when his employers mark them both for termination as part o. Availability Information. Join in on the conversation on Facebook ~ https://www.facebook.com/bokumachi.anime/ See what the Crunchyroll staff think about ERASED. Here's a first look at the product art for ERASED Volume 2, coming to Blu-ray on January 24th! ![]() David Axelrod: Barack Obama's legacy can't be erased. Story highlights. As the Obamas moved out of White House, David Axelrod returned to recall big challenges of Obama's first days there. Axelrod: Whatever happens next, he has done some good work that cannot be erased and will not be forgotten. David Axelrod is CNN's senior political commentator and host of the podcast . The opinions expressed in this commentary are his. ![]() Amazon. com: Erased: Aaron Eckhart, Olga Kurylenko, Liana Liberato, Alexander Fehling, Neil Napier, Philipp Stolzl: Movies & TVEx- CIA operative Ben Logan (Aaron Eckhart, The Dark Knight) has been long estranged from his young daughter (Liana Liberato). That instantly changes when both are mysteriously targeted for termination, and all evidence of Logan’s life is erased. Pursued by a relentless, enigmatic agent (Olga Kurylenko), the two go on the run in search of the truth, in this non- stop, heart- racing international thriller. Satoru Fujinuma is a reclusive part-timer with no plans for the future. What sets him apart from the other slackers in his town is an involuntary time travel. Stream episodes and clips of Erased instantly. Fishing tackle: Hilarious moment naked swimmer bursts from Russian lake with a 'bite' caught between his legs. Russian man who bathed naked. WDSU NewsChannel 6 is your source for the latest local headlines and live alerts. Visit New Orleans' most reliable source for breaking news. A Fishy Story Running Record![]() Vaginal vulva problems . This is an imbalance in the bacteria in the vagina. All women have harmless bacteria in their vaginal passage. In bacterial vaginosis, some of the bacteria multiply so that more are present than is normal (it is usually the Gardnerella and Mobiluncus bacteria that are the culprits). In other words, bacterial vaginosis is not an infection caught from your partner, it is caused by bacteria that are normally present in the vagina. Written by: Dr Margaret Stearn. Edited by: Dr Margaret Stearn. Last updated. Monday, January 2.
![]() ![]() Many of today's farms are actually large industrial facilities, not 4. Americans imagine. These consolidated operations are able to produce food in high volume but have little to no regard for the environment, animal welfare, soil and water quality, or food safety. In order to maximize profits, industrial agriculture often trades the health of consumers and rural communities, as well as the nutritional quality of the product, for an economy of scale through consolidation and mechanization. What is Industrial Agriculture or Factory Farming? While there is no strict definition, industrial agriculture and factory farming refers to a modern type of agriculture which 1 ) requires high inputs of money, fertilizers, and eliminate jobs (industrial farms use . Industrial Crop Production: Drive through Iowa and you can get a clear picture of industrial agriculture: the landscape is dominated by miles and miles of mostly two crops - corn and soybeans. Monocultures, or the production of only one crop over a large area, are a main component of industrial agriculture, and, in addition to growing only one or two crops, this type of agriculture is characterized by a dependence upon external inputs (like fuel and pesticides), extensive mechanization (i. The widespread application of only one species goes against the basic principals that operate in the natural world (i. While proponents of industrial agriculture claim to have modernized and streamlined the production of food in the United States, such evolution has been at the expense of biodiversity, environmental sustainability, stable rural communities and even individuals' health. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), AFOs are . Numbers for both large and medium CAFOs (factory farms) are listed on the EPA's site. A large CAFO includes 1. The chickens they refer to are chickens other than laying hens - laying hens must number between 3. A medium factory farm (CAFO) has between 3. The Characteristics of Industrial Agriculture: Even though the numbers above are how the EPA defines a factory farm, the general definition is characterized by: Excessive Size. In crop production, monocultures of corn, wheat and soy occupy miles and miles of land in some parts of the United States. These fields require intensive use of fertilizers to provide nutrients and pesticides to keep insects and disease under control, since through planting only one species over a large area, pests are naturally attracted. They are mechanically planted, weeded, and harvested. On animal factory farms, an unnaturally large number of animals are confined closely together. Cattle feedlots generally contain thousands of animals in one place, while many egg- laying businesses house one million or more chickens. The main animals for such operations are cows, pigs, chickens and turkeys, but this practice is also applied to sheep, goats, rabbits, and various types of poultry. Disregard for Soil and Water Quality. Monocultures deplete the soil of nutrients by growing the same crop for miles and miles, year after year. Because the soils have been stripped of their nutrients, in order to produce high enough yields, the farmers must use chemical fertilizers. These fertilizers contain high amounts of nitrogen that can leach from the fields into rivers and streams. The heavy application of chemical fertilizers prevent the soil from holding together, so in addition to losing the fertilizer, the soils from these croplands are being eroded at very high rates. This includes cutting off the beaks of chickens and turkeys (de- beaking), and amputating the tails of cows and pigs (docking). Working for Farm Animal Protection. The HSUS works on many fronts to protect farm animals from some of the most egregious abuses on factory farms. Introduction They call them wet scrubbers - the pollution control devices used by the phosphate industry to capture fluoride gases produced in. Buy and sell electronics, cars, fashion apparel, collectibles, sporting goods, digital cameras, baby items, coupons, and everything else on eBay, the world's online. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. SEE ALSO, Europe Transformed. Author: Lewis Hackett Date: 1992. Industrialization: The First Phase. Most products people in the industrialized. Pens and cages restrict the natural behavior and movement of animals. In some cases, such as veal calves and mothering pigs, the animals can't even turn around. Reliance on Chemicals, Medicine and Hormones. Pesticides may kill pests in a field, but they also kill beneficial insects and can sometimes get passed on through the food chain and affect other animals. In a sustainable farming system, the needs of all components are met by the wastes of another: animal manure is incorporated into the soil to replenish the nutrients which are drawn from the soil by crops that are fed to the animals. It is a complete circle of renewal. When you separate these two, the soils become depleted and wastes accumulate to a point of toxicity. Chemical fertilizers are overused, damaging the soil and creating conditions where excess nitrogen leaches from farm fields into nearby water ways, encouraging the overgrowth of algae and depriving the wildlife in the water from oxygen. The manure is normally sprayed on crops, often excessively, leading it to run off into surface waters. Nutrients and bacteria from waste can contaminate waterways, killing fish and shellfish and disturbing aquatic ecosystems. Socially Irresponsible Corporate Ownership. The types of companies generally involved in industrial agriculture are no longer farm operations and have adopted a term to better reflect their corporate (rather than agrarian) nature: agribusinesses. Two business arrangements common within conventional, industrial agriculture systems are contract farming Gand vertical integration G. These systems are largely responsible for the shift toward consolidation within agriculture and tend to be harmful to farmers, both those who have stayed outside of the industrial agriculture system and those that have become a part of it. Corporate Involvement in Agriculture: Contract Growing. Contract growing is a common practice for companies which process crop items (such as corn) and for animal production (primarily the production of hogs and chickens). ![]() In a contract farming arrangement with crops, a corporation will sign a contract before the crop is planted which will specify how much finished product the company will buy and at what price. Generally, a contract growing system works like this: A major food corporation delivers to the farm the seeds and any inputs or the feed and a large number of immature animals. This allows the corporation to control the variety or breed product and all inputs (feed, fertilizers, etc). The farmer raises the animals for a pre- determined amount of time, after which the company collects, processes and distributes the product. While this system guarantees farmers a market for their product, it also burdens them with tremendous financial risk. Farmers must pay for all inputs (feed, fertilizers, etc) and absorb any financial loss from crop loss, rejection of product because of low quality or animals that die. Farmers often invest considerable capital to purchase harvesting equipment or build structures for housing the animals, usually a considerable debt that is carried for years. The farmer is also responsible for following waste disposal regulations and other environmental protection laws. Most Americans never see the inside of the factories where beef cattle are slaughtered and processed. FRONTLINE asked Bill Haw, CEO of one of the country's biggest. Animal suffering, global warming, heart disease, world hunger, and a horrifying war on wildlife are among the best reasons to go vegan. Classified ads menu of businesses For Sale in Canada sorted by Category. Find a profitable Canadian business to buy. Business opportunities. Learn how industrial agriculture damages the environment, threatens human health, degrades rural communities, harms workers, and compromises animal welfare. Throughout the process, the corporation maintains full control in this arrangement, often causing the farmers to lose power by growing dependent upon the companies for . Additionally if something causes the farmer to no longer be able to raise the crop or animal cheaply enough, the farmer becomes . Too much time without a replacement contract could drive a farmer into bankruptcy. This loss of knowhow and the need to keep costs low reduces a farmer from a steward to the land to someone who manages an industrial process. Vertical Integration. Contract farming is one piece of the grander scale of corporate ownership in agriculture. ![]() What is Factory Farming? Intensive, industrialised, factory - they’re all terms that describe modern farming methods. An HSUS Report: The Welfare of Animals in. Each year in the United States, approximately 11 billion animals are. Vertical integration is a management arrangement where several steps in the production and/or distribution of a product or service are controlled by a single company or entity, in order to increase that company's or entity's power in the marketplace. In addition to contracting with farms to raise their crop or livestock, corporations will own a seed or feed company, a farm supply company, and a processing and distribution company. This allows them to profit from every level of food production without investing in permanent assets like land or losing money to unpredictable elements such as crop failure due to unpredictable weather or animal mortality. While vertical integration in some areas of industry is fine (it is a proven method to maximize profits), it has dire consequences in the case of agriculture, especially when combined with contract farming, since the farmers take all the risk and the companies receive the benefits. Vertical integration and contract farming forces farmers into debt, supports farming practices that harm the environment and abuse animals, and compromises the quality of the food we eat and the soil on which it is grown. The True Costs. Industrially produced food appears to be inexpensive, but the price tag doesn't reflect the actual costs that we taxpayers bear. Monocultures and factory farms pollute communities and adversely affect public health, thereby increasing medical costs for those living near such farms- -costs that are often shouldered by public budgets. Jobs are lost and wages driven down as corporate consolidation bankrupts small businesses and factory farms pay unethically low wages for dangerous, undesirable work. Because factory farms are considered . Did You Know? In the last 4. These businesses still aim to profit from their labor, but that's not their only objective. They have essentially a triple bottom line - of social, environmental and financial gain - which means they won't sacrifice the health of the land or the quality of food simply to make a few dollars more. When you buy local fruits, vegetables, and meat products, you support your local economy. More of the money you spend goes directly to the farmers themselves because less goes to transportation and middlemen. Buying locally also means burning less fossil fuel to get food from the farm to the table, which benefits the environment. Shop Sustainable. When you buy sustainably grown and produced foods, you send a message with your food dollars. End Factory Farming. What is. Factory Farming? Intensive because as. Industrialised because feeding, watering and. Factory because. the philosophy of mass production is what lies behind it all. Can you conceive the mentality that looked at restlessly strutting. Then they piled thousands of cages one on top of another. So many that their. That’s what happened and that’s. The sad little. by- products are day- old male chicks, too scrawny for meat and. CO2 or crushed to death. Forty million of them every year. The fate of those chickens selected to provide meat is little. As many as 5. 0,0. Huge, waddling babies, forced to grow. Legs give way and break under their ballooning. Despite the ordeal, these perversions of nature account. Ducks, turkeys and Guinea. What sane person would look at highly- intelligent animals. No. bedding, no enrichment, filth and squalor and absolutely nothing. Until recently they spent their entire lives encased. In Britain. continual campaigning has led to the abolition of these stalls. They have been substituted with. But. for 7. 0 days a year, they are still confined in metal farrowing. Despite their seemingly free- range. They are one of the few to endure pregnancy. And what milking - up to. Watch them as they walk and you will see distended udders. Hardly surprising. Another third experience the equally. Animals that can live into their mid twenties. And what of their offspring? All are removed from their mother. Female calves will mostly be. Those that aren't shot and are too. They will be killed while still babies, having. Sheep, too, are touted as free range animals - and so they. But that doesn’t tell the full story. Tricked. into ovulating at the wrong time and tricked into producing. Instead of. giving birth. Spring, ewes often deliver their young as early as December. Many will be subjected. Greece - crammed. Many will. die - whole consignments have died - of stress, thirst and. And so it goes on. Beef cattle are no exception and it was. CJD. - the human form of BSE. This whole cycle of exploitation took wing after the end of. World War II - or, to be more precise, after 1. And it is these which are. What began with greed is likely to end in catastrophe. But still the dosing goes. A whole string of antibiotics and other drugs are administered. Some are used to prevent disease, some. And yet the results are stark. One. by one we have lost the ability to use specific antibiotics. Worse than this, the mutated microbes. As for the rest - they simply no longer work. We are staring into the abyss - not my words but those of. As enquiry. tumbles on the heels of enquiry, the farming industry refuses. Another enquiry will doubtless. Then a working. party will be formed. Then trials will be held and then the. Already we have virulent new forms of Salmonella, E. Campylobacter which have turned food poisoning into an epidemic. If things continue as they are. Even having. a tooth out could become life threatening. New animal diseases are developing apace and we have no idea. BSE. Factory farming has to end, we have stop this. Animal health and human health are both in the balance but. Livestock production is at. Almost. everything that humans currently do is unsustainable. And while. we send in our pennies and pounds to Ethiopian and other famine. Meat is a killer in every sense of the word. The most conclusive and effective decision anyone can take. In the meantime, a huge step forward can. It isn’t just rhetoric. TONY WARDLEAssociate Director, Viva! When birds eats plastic!!(Shocking video)Publicerades den 1. Midway Island is an uninhabited island about 2. It lies roughly equidistant between North America and Asia, and almost halfway around the world from England. If you think that throwing away that plastic bottle or piece of rubbish, can't possibly be doing any harm, then watch this clip and think again. They’ve left sofas, refrigerators and. Oliver Stone's "Natural Born Killers" might have played even more like a demented nightmare if it hadn't been for the O.J. Maybe Stone meant his movie. Deadly officer-involved shooting in South San Francisco; Alameda's Lum Elementary to close because it's not seismically safe; San Jose Greyhound Station to be. Residential Trash Collection Program. Trash collection service is provided to single-family homes in the Urban Services District of Nashville. Residents must place. 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